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BIBLIOGRAPHY (CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER)

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This bibliography represents by no means an exhaustive list of all the works researched, examined, and scrutinized by the founder of Druwayu. In addition to the sources listed here, many other cultural, religious, and philosophical materials have informed his study and contemplation. His formative influences span the breadth of human thought, encompassing monotheistic and polytheistic traditions, as well as philosophical and spiritual expressions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and numerous other systems of belief and reflection. The scope of his engagement is therefore far wider than any single bibliography can fully capture, reflecting a lifelong love for inquiry into the diversity and depth of human understanding, culture and overall history, for better or worse.

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  • Caesar, Julius. Gallic War, c. 50 BCE — comparative religious context: early Celtic and Germanic practices noted.

  • Germania, Tacitus, c. 98 CE — comparative religious context: attests early Germanic sacred sites (wÄ«h) and ritual practices.

  • Origo Gentis Langobardorum, 7th century — early Lombardic religious practices (comparative Germanic).

  • Historia Langobardorum, Paul the Deacon, c. 790 — comparative Germanic religion.

  • Heliand, c. 830 — Christianization context; no explicit wyrd/wÄ«h/lög.

  • Domboc (Laws of Alfred), 893 — early English law; attests wyrd concepts indirectly through legal fate.

  • Cleopatra Glossaries, c. 930 — linguistic reference; some entries reflect sacred terms (wÄ«h).

  • Tochmarc Étaíne, 9th–10th century — Irish mythological context; comparative study.

  • Ælfric’s Homilies, c. 990–1010 — Christian moralization; some contrasts with pre-Christian fate (wyrd).

  • Lacnunga, c. 1000 — charms and healing; attests sacred practices (wÄ«h).

  • Andreas, Vercelli Book, 10th–11th century manuscript — Christian epic; faint echoes of fate (wyrd).

  • Canons of Edgar, c. 1005 — ecclesiastical law; indirectly relevant to fate concepts.

  • Wulfstan’s Homilies, c. 1000–1020 — Christian moralization; discussion of human destiny (wyrd).

  • Beowulf, Friedrich Klaeber (ed.), c. 1000 — attests wyrd; Germanic heroic fate central.

  • The Wanderer, Exeter Book, 10th–11th century — attests wyrd; meditation on fate.

  • The Seafarer, Exeter Book, 10th–11th century — attests wyrd; nautical and existential fate.

  • Lebor Gabála Érenn, 11th century — Irish comparative mythology; fate, divine intervention.

  • Novgorod Veche Chronicle Fragment, c. 1100 — early Slavic-Germanic religious contact.

  • Poetic Edda, c. 10th–13th century manuscripts — attests lög; fate, law, divine order.

  • Prose Edda, c. 1220 — attests lög; cosmology, law, and fate in Norse myth.

  • Heimskringla, c. 1230 — Norse kings and gods; legal and ritual context (lög, wÄ«h).

  • Eyrbyggja saga, 13th century — Norse Icelandic legal and sacred sites (lög, wÄ«h).

  • Ancrene Wisse, c. 1230 — religious guidance; Christian lens, minor pre-Christian comparisons.

  • Exodus Translation, c. 1250 — biblical adaptation; comparative moral fate.

  • Cursor Mundi, c. 1300 — Christian didactic poem; references to divine order/fate.

  • Romance of Alexander (Scots Buik), c. 1430s — narrative; little direct wyrd/wÄ«h/lög, comparative context.

  • Promptorium Parvulorum, BL Harley 221, c. 1440 — glossary; linguistic insight into sacred words (wÄ«h).

  • The Kingis Quair, c. 1440 — literary; reflects Christianized notions of fate.

  • York Mystery Plays, c. 1450 — performance literature; Christian moralization; echoes of divine law (lög).

  • Early Scots Charms, c. 1450 — attests wÄ«h; ritual and magical practices.

  • Scots Glossaries, 15th century — linguistic preservation of sacred terms (wÄ«h).

  • Flyting of Dunbar and Kennedie, c. 1500 — literary; minor comparative religious relevance.

  • Scots Sermons and Polemics, c. 1500 — Christian moral instruction; fate references (wyrd).

  • Cheshire Parish Records, 16th century — historical record; traces of local sacred sites (wÄ«h).

  • Northern English Ballads, 16th century — oral tradition; themes of fate (wyrd).

  • Lancashire Folklore Material, 16th century — folk belief; attests wÄ«h.

  • Carmina Gadelica, Alexander Carmichael, 19th–20th century (oral strata earlier) — Scottish and Irish sacred folklore; attests wÄ«h.

  • Bosworth–Toller Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 1898 — entries: wyrd, wiht, weorc, weoh.

  • Cleasby–Vigfusson Old Norse Dictionary, 1874 — entries: urðr, lÇ«g, vé, vættir.

  • Germania, Tacitus, translated by H. Mattingly, Penguin Classics, 1970 — comparative sacred sites (wÄ«h).

  • Sutton Hoo: Burial Ground for Kings?, M.O.H. Carver, 1998 — archaeological confirmation of ritual sites (wÄ«h).

  • Dictionary of Northern Mythology, Rudolf Simek, 1993 — reference for fate (wyrd), law (lög), sacred objects (wÄ«h).

  • The Exeter Book, Krapp & Dobbie (eds.), 1936 — original sources for wyrd.

  • Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius, Neckel & Kuhn, 1962 — attests lög.

  • The Road to Hel, H.R. Ellis Davidson, 1943 — comparative Northern cosmology, death rites.

  • Gods and Myths of Northern Europe, H.R. Ellis Davidson, 1964 — comparative religion; divine law/order (lög).

  • The Sacred Tree, Carole Cusack, 2011 — sacred trees, ritual spaces (wÄ«h).

  • Pre-Christian Anglo-Saxon Religion, John D. Niles, 2013 — attests wyrd, wÄ«h.

  • Tracing Old Norse Cosmology, Anders Andrén, 2014 — sacred geography, cosmology (wÄ«h, lög).

  • Europe’s Barbarians, AD 200–600, Edward James, 2014 — comparative religion.

  • Religion und Kult der Germanen, Alexander Rubel, 2016 — comparative Germanic ritual and law (wÄ«h, lög).

  • Children of Ash and Elm, Neil Price, 2020 — Viking rituals; attests wÄ«h, lög.

  • Oldest reference to Norse god Odin found in Danish treasure, James Brooks, 2023 — evidence for Odin cult (wÄ«h).

  • Synkretismus, Gregor Ahn, Lutz E. V. Padberg, Anders Hultgård, 2010 — syncretic religious structures.

  • Divine Twins, Anders Andrén, 2020 — comparative Indo-European deities; fate/law relevance (lög).

  • Images, Anders Andrén, 2020 — sacred iconography (wÄ«h).

  • Freyja, Ingunn Ásdísardóttir, 2020 — Norse goddess; ritual sites (wÄ«h).

  • Frigg, Ingunn Ásdísardóttir, 2020 — Norse goddess; fate and law relevance (wyrd, lög).

  • Folklore, Terry Gunnell, 2020 — Northern European folk beliefs; sacred sites (wÄ«h).

  • Dvergar (Dwarfs), Terry Gunnell, 2020 — mythological beings; cultic contexts (wÄ«h).

  • Álfar (Elves), Terry Gunnell, 2020 — sacred beings; ritual significance (wÄ«h).

  • Cosmic Eschatology: Ragnarøk, Anders Hultgård, 2020 — Norse eschatology; law/order (lög).

  • Cosmogony, Mathias Nordvig, 2020 — cosmological law (lög).

  • Cosmology, Mathias Nordvig, 2020 — cosmological structures; fate (wyrd).

  • Worlds of the Dead, John Lindow & Anders Andrén, 2020 — cosmology and afterlife; sacred space (wÄ«h).

  • Fate, John Lindow, 2020 — attests wyrd.

  • Vanir and Æsir, John Lindow, 2020 — deity groups; ritual and law (wÄ«h, lög).

  • Written Sources, John Lindow, 2020 — compilation; references wyrd, wÄ«h, lög.

  • Þórr, John Lindow, 2020 — Thor cult; sacred sites (wÄ«h).

  • Dísir, John Lindow, 2020 — female ancestral spirits; ritual relevance (wÄ«h).

  • Týr, John Lindow, 2020 — deity of law; attests lög.

  • The Divine, the Human, and In Between, John Lindow & Jens Peter Schjødt, 2020 — comparative religion; fate and sacred spaces (wyrd, wÄ«h).

  • Minor Gods and Goddesses, John Lindow & Jens Peter Schjødt, 2020 — ritual and sacred sites (wÄ«h).

  • Giants, Margaret Clunies Ross, 2020 — mythic beings; cultic context (wÄ«h).

  • Encounters: Celtic, Matthias Egeler, 2020 — comparative Indo-European religions; fate/law relevance (wyrd, lög).

  • Encounters: Roman, Rudolf Simek, 2020 — Roman-Germanic religious interaction; sacred sites (wÄ«h).

  • Matronae, Rudolf Simek, 2020 — female deities; ritual sites (wÄ«h).

  • Language: Placenames and Personal Names, Per Vikstrand, 2020 — sacred topography (wÄ«h).

  • Magic and Religion, Stephen A. Mitchell, 2020 — ritual practices; fate (wyrd), sacred spaces (wÄ«h).

  • Ritual Space, Torun Zachrisson & Anders Andrén, 2020 — sacred spaces (wÄ«h).

  • Death Ritual and Mortuary Behavior, Neil Price, 2020 — funeral rites; sacred sites and fate (wÄ«h, wyrd).

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