BURNED AT THE STAKE: NOT ACTUAL WITCHES OR WARLOCKS.

The Malleus Maleficarum (1487 CE), written by Heinrich Kramer (Institoris) with some association to Jacob Sprenger, was not simply a “general” witch-hunting manual, but rather an extension of earlier inquisitorial traditions that had long been directed against specific heretical sects in the later Middle Ages. Much of what is popularly claimed about it today is the result of modern sensationalism and projection, especially feminist reinterpretations from the late 20th century, rather than an honest reading of the text in its historical context.
Later renderings of the title — Der Hexenhammer and The Witches’ Hammer — are themselves products of modern publicity and romanticized notions of witchcraft, promoted mainly from the early 1900s onward. The original Latin title deserves closer examination. Malleus means “mallet” or “hammer,” in the sense of a judge’s gavel. Male- derives from the Latin male, “ill” or “bad,” while -ficus comes from facere (“to make” or “to do”), with plural endings forming “ones.” Thus,…






